Review by Richard Wilcocks:
Hareton
disturbed me the most in this film based on Wuthering Heights. Dour before his time, he appears
now and then in the early scenes, a dirty blonde-haired urchin, to gawp at
visitors, or to witness violent abuse from the sidelines. In one scene,
he is seen hanging up dogs by their collars, and we know where he got that
from. The
depiction of Hareton is one of the pointers to the ‘cruelty breeds cruelty’ message in
Andrea Arnold’s film – and in Emily Brontë’s novel, if that can be seen,
glibly, as a straight deliverer of messages. Considerable respect has been
shown to the original: a fair amount of thought and research must have gone
into finding out what might have been in Emily Brontë’s mind and how she saw her
characters, and into the late eighteenth century in Yorkshire. Arnold has a brutally realistic vision, similar to the one she employed in her previous films Red Road (2006) and Fish Tank (2009) with their poor housing estates and tower blocks - and their 'outsider' protagonists. All the
artefacts – stoneware jars, spades for digging out peat and so on – look as if
they have been borrowed from a folk museum, the costumes appear to be
authentic, and Heathcliff is black.
All
perfectly credible. In the novel he is described variously as “a little Lascar”
and “a dark-skinned gypsy in appearance” and he was found in the slaving port
of Liverpool. The Lascars of the time were seamen who had been recruited from
places like Bengal or Yemen, with thousands living in England in the time of
the Brontës, many with white British wives. Gypsies, with distant roots in
India, had been travelling around Europe for centuries. More to the point,
Emily was well-acquainted with the evils of the Slave Trade (abolished in 1807,
just after the action of Wuthering Heights) through her father, who had been
helped out as a poor student at Cambridge by no less than William Wilberforce.
She would have known about the magnificent Yorkshire mansions built with the
wealth created on slave-powered plantations in Jamaica, Harewood House near
Leeds for example, and about the Sill family of Dentdale, which owned two ships called The Dent and The Pickering. The Sills were said to have
kept slaves instead of regular servants at West House, their large, colonial-style
base in the Dales, now renamed Whernside Manor and redesignated as an outdoor pursuits centre. It is just a walk away from
Cowan Bridge - I have done it. And the Sills must have known cotton magnate and pillar of the
Anglican Church John Sidgwick, whose young children were such a tribulation for
Charlotte Brontë during her time as a governess at Stone Gappe...
Watch the trailer
The
unknown James Howson from Leeds was cast as the adult Heathcliff, with the
equally unknown Solomon Glave as his young version. We do not find out which
language he speaks when he first arrives, because there is very little by way of speaking
in the whole film. It is not dialogue-free: a few sentences and
phrases from the novel are employed, rather like the quotes a candidate might fish out for
an A-level essay, with more of them in the film’s second half, after Heathcliff’s
return, than in the first. At other times, the words which the characters use
seem to have grown from improvisation sessions, giving the action a kind of Ken
Loach feel at times. Those words are more brutal than in, say, Loach’s Kes, and come as quite a shock to
those who are accustomed to dialogue which has been passed through a filter. To leave out most of Emily Brontë’s beautiful prose – and the second
half of her story, as usual – are bold moves which a few literary folk might find
outrageous. I can fully understand the opinions of those who might describe the
film as ‘coarse and disagreeable’, but then the structure of the novel does not
match the needs of the cinema. Unlike Cary Fukunaga, who retained as many of
Charlotte’s words as possible in his Jane Eyre, Andrea Arnold has gone in an
opposite direction, because she has decided not to bother with conventional
costume dramas.
She does
not go down the route of, for example, Penny Woolcock, who used a large number
of Shakespeare’s words in her 1997 BBC Macbeth on the
Estate, in which
residents of the run-down Ladywood Estate in Birmingham together with a core of
trained actors created an effective screen drama (all baseball bats and drug
dealers) which brought out the violence and the moral issues in a classic text
and related it to today. This Wuthering Heights relies on cinematography, the
impact of fresh and young actors who have not been to drama school (eat your heart out, Stanislavski), an
authentic period feel and a powerful, often startling harshness. Arnold has
said that she “had to pick out the things that had resonance to me” and that
she wanted to give the children plenty of time at the beginning.
This was
a good move, because the children are by far the most interesting. Solomon
Glave and Shannon Beer have “not acted before” (hasn't their school got a drama club?), but manage to be fascinating,
holding everything together for an hour. Full marks to Arnold there. The story
is told through sounds and sights:
we see the boy’s amazement and disorientation when he arrives, Cathy’s
warm smile – the only warmth – a feather brushing a cheek, his hand on the
horse’s rump when he rides behind her, his smelling of her hair, the weals on
his back after a beating by Joseph, her mouth as she licks the blood from them,
their crude and muddy sexual fumbling out on the moors. Sensual imagery with a
vengeance! Raw teenage emotion in our faces! And I loved Shannon Beer’s wavering, charming rendition of Barbara Allen. She’s a proper wild, wicked slip of a girl.
Irish
cinematographer Robbie Ryan won the Golden Osella Award at the last Venice Film
Festival for Best Cinematography, deservedly. His low shots through clumps of
sedge and his panoramas of the moors (filming took place on the bleaker areas
around Hawes in the Yorkshire Dales) are stunning, but what is especially
memorable is his selection of close-ups of the insects, flowers and small
creatures to be found in the heather and under the bilberries. I was looking
out for harebells, but did not notice any. Perhaps they were the wrong kind of
flower here. The wind sounded right – I recognise that wind from personal experience – as it battered
the microphone relentlessly. The wind seems never to stop. Such a contrast to the romantic music which Sam Goldwyn loved and which never stopped for Olivier and Oberon in William Wyler's 1939 version, the music which prompted the emotions for the audience!
I was
appropriately taken aback by the images of slaughtered animals – a sheep has
its jugular severed and a rabbit has its neck broken. I am hoping
and trusting that Isabella’s dog was wearing some kind of harness when it was
filmed being attached to a hook.
The
creatures of the wild moors a couple of centuries ago have a strong
present-times feel, because casting in this way has put racial prejudice in the
forefront. Heathcliff is full of revengeful passions because he has been
racially abused. The violent skinhead Hindley (Lee Shaw) is notably
foul-mouthed when he does speak, like an adherent of some far-right
organisation, and the enforced baptism scene shows that the church used to be pretty
short on tender loving care when it came to new dark-skinned members of the
congregation. The West Yorkshire accents are just right, and could be heard in
many of the streets of 2011. I include my own street in Leeds.
In the
second half, the adult Heathcliff (James Howson) does not spend long on
relishing his revenge on Hindley, but that is not the only disappointment. Both
James Howson and Kaya Scodelario, who plays the adult Cathy, bear only token
resemblances to their child counterparts, and have far less presence. Cathy is not
differentiated from Isabella enough, and seems to be unrelated to her younger
self, which can not be explained away by her sojourn in the sophistication of
Thrushcross Grange, where manners (and the mild weather) are always better. It is always raining at Wuthering Heights. Heathcliff seems clumsier and less sympathetic, a fact which is not
helped by James Howson’s lack of acting experience (more forgivable in Solomon
Glave), and the close-up shots of flowers and insects which sustained the first half
become tiresome because they are repeated too often. Ironically, the increased amount of dialogue also becomes irritating, because it is not what we have become accustomed to. James Northcote’s
acting as Edgar is fine and faultless, but seems out of place here, as if he has stepped
out of another film.
And that
other film could almost be the 1939 version which is at the other end of the spectrum. Still,
the Andrea Arnold version is visually and acoustically stunning, ground breaking, worth seeing, and could
even draw some in the audience towards reading the book, to discover all that dialogue.
And all those harebells.
Dr Spooner, dressed appropriately in black, was very much on the same wavelength as her appreciative, overwhelmingly female audience, some of whom (from Altrincham in Cheshire) have promised to send their comments to this blog. Let's hope they do. With the help of a Powerpoint and references to a variety of novels and collections of the past few years (Angela Carter's name cropping up frequently), her main point was that the gothic in all its manifestations has always had a connection with adolescence, with the crossover towards adulthood. 'Threatened virginity' was a key phrase.
Twilight books are mentioned constantly by her students. She must get tired of her subject sometimes, but is full of professional patience. ( "Perceptions of the gothic are constantly changing... You can't expect the gothic of the nineteenth century to stay as the norm... Today's vampires are different... It depends on how old you are.. It doesn't matter all that much how incredible the situations are or how awful the plotting is...") The Hartley Collins designers were quick to appreciate changing perceptions when they created covers for Wuthering Heights ('Love never dies') and Jane Eyre ('You can't choose who you fall in love with') which might lure new young readers towards the originals.
Twilight books are mentioned constantly by her students. She must get tired of her subject sometimes, but is full of professional patience. ( "Perceptions of the gothic are constantly changing... You can't expect the gothic of the nineteenth century to stay as the norm... Today's vampires are different... It depends on how old you are.. It doesn't matter all that much how incredible the situations are or how awful the plotting is...") The Hartley Collins designers were quick to appreciate changing perceptions when they created covers for Wuthering Heights ('Love never dies') and Jane Eyre ('You can't choose who you fall in love with') which might lure new young readers towards the originals.
